Refactored ticket code into kiosk code.

db.go

@@ -176,6 +176,21 @@ func migrateV2(db *sql.DB) error {
 	addColumnIfMissing(db, "volunteers", "confirmation_token TEXT")
 	addColumnIfMissing(db, "volunteers", "confirmed INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0")
 	addColumnIfMissing(db, "volunteers", "confirmed_at TEXT")
+	addColumnIfMissing(db, "volunteers", "kiosk_code TEXT")
+	db.Exec(`CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_volunteers_kiosk_code ON volunteers(kiosk_code) WHERE kiosk_code IS NOT NULL`)
+	// Migrate kiosk codes from tickets to volunteers (idempotent).
+	db.Exec(`
+		UPDATE volunteers SET kiosk_code = (
+			SELECT t.code FROM tickets t
+			WHERE t.participant_id = volunteers.participant_id
+			  AND t.code IS NOT NULL AND t.deleted_at IS NULL
+			LIMIT 1
+		) WHERE kiosk_code IS NULL AND participant_id IS NOT NULL`)
+	// Delete stub tickets whose code has been migrated to the volunteer.
+	db.Exec(`
+		DELETE FROM tickets
+		WHERE source = 'manual' AND external_id = '' AND code IS NOT NULL
+		  AND participant_id IN (SELECT id FROM volunteers WHERE kiosk_code IS NOT NULL)`)
 	// Widen the uniqueness constraint from name-only to (name, ticket_id).
 	db.Exec(`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_attendees_name`)
 	db.Exec(`CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_attendees_name_ticket ON attendees(name, ticket_id) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL`)
@@ -398,6 +413,7 @@ type Volunteer struct {
 	ConfirmedAt       *string `json:"confirmed_at,omitempty"`
 	EmailConfirmed    bool    `json:"email_confirmed"`
 	ConfirmationToken *string `json:"-"`
+	KioskCode         *string `json:"kiosk_code,omitempty"`
 	Note              string  `json:"note"`
 	CreatedAt         string  `json:"created_at"`
 	UpdatedAt         string  `json:"updated_at"`
@@ -1189,7 +1205,7 @@ const volunteerSelect = `v.id, v.participant_id, v.attendee_id,
 	COALESCE(NULLIF(p.pronouns,''), v.pronouns),
 	v.department_id, v.is_lead, v.checked_in, v.checked_in_at,
 	v.confirmed, v.confirmed_at,
-	v.email_confirmed, v.confirmation_token, v.note,
+	v.email_confirmed, v.confirmation_token, v.kiosk_code, v.note,
 	v.created_at, v.updated_at, v.deleted_at`
 const volunteerFrom = `FROM volunteers v LEFT JOIN participants p ON p.id = v.participant_id`
 
@@ -1322,14 +1338,13 @@ func queryVolunteers(db *sql.DB, q string, args ...any) ([]Volunteer, error) {
 		var v Volunteer
 		var participantID, attendeeID, deptID sql.NullInt64
 		var isLead, checkedIn, confirmed, emailConfirmed int
-		var confirmationToken sql.NullString
+		var confirmationToken, confirmedAt, kioskCode sql.NullString
-		var confirmedAt sql.NullString
 		if err := rows.Scan(
 			&v.ID, &participantID, &attendeeID, &v.Name, &v.PreferredName, &v.TicketName,
 			&v.Email, &v.Phone, &v.Pronouns, &deptID,
 			&isLead, &checkedIn, &v.CheckedInAt,
 			&confirmed, &confirmedAt,
-			&emailConfirmed, &confirmationToken, &v.Note,
+			&emailConfirmed, &confirmationToken, &kioskCode, &v.Note,
 			&v.CreatedAt, &v.UpdatedAt, &v.DeletedAt,
 		); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -1352,6 +1367,9 @@ func queryVolunteers(db *sql.DB, q string, args ...any) ([]Volunteer, error) {
 		if confirmedAt.Valid {
 			v.ConfirmedAt = &confirmedAt.String
 		}
+		if kioskCode.Valid {
+			v.KioskCode = &kioskCode.String
+		}
 		v.IsLead = isLead == 1
 		v.CheckedIn = checkedIn == 1
 		v.Confirmed = confirmed == 1
@@ -1386,19 +1404,43 @@ func (app *App) confirmVolunteerEmail(id int) error {
 	return err
 }
 
-// listConfirmedVolunteersNeedingCode returns confirmed volunteers whose participant
+func (app *App) getVolunteerByKioskCode(code string) (*Volunteer, error) {
-// has no ticket with a code yet.
+	rows, err := queryVolunteers(app.db,
-func (app *App) listConfirmedVolunteersNeedingCode() ([]Volunteer, error) {
+		`SELECT `+volunteerSelect+` `+volunteerFrom+` WHERE v.kiosk_code = ? AND v.deleted_at IS NULL LIMIT 1`, code)
+	if err != nil || len(rows) == 0 {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &rows[0], nil
+}
+
+func (app *App) assignKioskCode(id int, code string) error {
+	_, err := app.db.Exec(
+		`UPDATE volunteers SET kiosk_code=?, updated_at=? WHERE id=?`, code, now(), id)
+	return err
+}
+
+// listVolunteersNeedingKioskCode returns email-confirmed volunteers without a kiosk code.
+func (app *App) listVolunteersNeedingKioskCode() ([]Volunteer, error) {
 	return queryVolunteers(app.db, `
 		SELECT `+volunteerSelect+` `+volunteerFrom+`
-		WHERE v.email_confirmed = 1 AND v.deleted_at IS NULL
+		WHERE v.email_confirmed = 1 AND v.kiosk_code IS NULL AND v.deleted_at IS NULL`)
-		  AND v.participant_id IS NOT NULL
+}
-		  AND NOT EXISTS (
+
-		    SELECT 1 FROM tickets t
+func (app *App) generateVolunteerKioskCode() (string, error) {
-		    WHERE t.participant_id = v.participant_id
+	for range 10 {
-		      AND t.code IS NOT NULL
+		t, err := generateToken()
-		      AND t.deleted_at IS NULL
+		if err != nil {
-		  )`)
+			return "", err
+		}
+		var count int
+		if err := app.db.QueryRow(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM volunteers WHERE kiosk_code = ?`, t).Scan(&count); err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("check kiosk code uniqueness: %w", err)
+		}
+		if count == 0 {
+			return t, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to generate unique kiosk code")
 }
 
 func generateConfirmationToken() (string, error) {

handle_kiosk.go

@@ -6,26 +6,21 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 )
 
+func (app *App) volunteerFromKioskToken(token string) (*Volunteer, error) {
+	return app.getVolunteerByKioskCode(token)
+}
+
 // handleKioskGet returns the volunteer's profile, current shift assignments, and
-// available open shifts in their department. Authenticated by ticket code only —
+// available open shifts in their department. Authenticated by kiosk code only —
 // no JWT required.
 func (app *App) handleKioskGet(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	token := r.PathValue("token")
-	t, err := app.getTicketByCode(token)
+	v, err := app.volunteerFromKioskToken(token)
-	if err != nil || t == nil {
+	if err != nil || v == nil {
 		writeError(w, "not found", http.StatusNotFound)
 		return
 	}
 
-	var v *Volunteer
-	if t.ParticipantID != nil {
-		v, _ = app.getVolunteerByParticipantID(*t.ParticipantID)
-	}
-	if v == nil {
-		writeError(w, "no volunteer record linked to this token", http.StatusNotFound)
-		return
-	}
-
 	assigned, _ := app.listShiftsForVolunteer(v.ID)
 	if assigned == nil {
 		assigned = []Shift{}
@@ -56,19 +51,11 @@ func (app *App) handleKioskClaim(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	t, err := app.getTicketByCode(token)
+	v, err := app.volunteerFromKioskToken(token)
-	if err != nil || t == nil {
+	if err != nil || v == nil {
 		writeError(w, "not found", http.StatusNotFound)
 		return
 	}
-	var v *Volunteer
-	if t.ParticipantID != nil {
-		v, _ = app.getVolunteerByParticipantID(*t.ParticipantID)
-	}
-	if v == nil {
-		writeError(w, "no volunteer linked to this token", http.StatusNotFound)
-		return
-	}
 
 	force := r.URL.Query().Get("force") == "true"
 
@@ -116,19 +103,11 @@ func (app *App) handleKioskUnclaim(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	t, err := app.getTicketByCode(token)
+	v, err := app.volunteerFromKioskToken(token)
-	if err != nil || t == nil {
+	if err != nil || v == nil {
 		writeError(w, "not found", http.StatusNotFound)
 		return
 	}
-	var v *Volunteer
-	if t.ParticipantID != nil {
-		v, _ = app.getVolunteerByParticipantID(*t.ParticipantID)
-	}
-	if v == nil {
-		writeError(w, "no volunteer linked to this token", http.StatusNotFound)
-		return
-	}
 
 	if err := app.unassignShift(v.ID, shiftID); err != nil {
 		writeError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)

handle_kiosk_test.go

@@ -14,14 +14,11 @@ func setupKiosk(t *testing.T) (*App, *http.ServeMux, string) {
 	dept, _ := app.createDepartment(Department{Name: "Gate"})
 	deptID := dept.ID
 
-	// Create participant + ticket with code
+	// Create volunteer with a kiosk_code directly on the volunteer record
 	p, _ := app.createParticipant(Participant{Email: "titania@test.com", PreferredName: "Titania"})
-	token, _ := app.generateUniqueToken()
+	v, _ := app.createVolunteer(Volunteer{Name: "Titania", ParticipantID: &p.ID, DepartmentID: &deptID})
-	tk, _ := app.createTicket(Ticket{ParticipantID: &p.ID, Name: "Titania", Source: "manual", Code: &token})
+	token, _ := app.generateVolunteerKioskCode()
-	_ = tk
+	app.assignKioskCode(v.ID, token)
-
-	// Create linked volunteer via participant_id
-	app.createVolunteer(Volunteer{Name: "Titania", ParticipantID: &p.ID, DepartmentID: &deptID})
 
 	// Create shifts
 	app.createShift(Shift{DepartmentID: deptID, Name: "Morning", Day: "2026-03-15", StartTime: "08:00", EndTime: "12:00", Capacity: 2})

handle_signup.go

@@ -146,51 +146,19 @@ func (app *App) handleConfirmEmail(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	var signupsOpen string
 	app.db.QueryRow(`SELECT value FROM config WHERE key = 'shift_signups_open'`).Scan(&signupsOpen)
 
-	if signupsOpen == "true" && vol.ParticipantID != nil {
+	if signupsOpen == "true" {
-		// Find a ticket with a code, or create/assign one.
+		code, err := app.generateVolunteerKioskCode()
-		tickets, _ := app.listTickets(vol.ParticipantID, "")
+		if err == nil {
-		var code *string
+			if err := app.assignKioskCode(vol.ID, code); err == nil {
-		for _, tk := range tickets {
+				kioskLink := fmt.Sprintf("%s/v/%s", app.resolveBaseURL(), code)
-			if tk.Code != nil {
+				response["kiosk_link"] = kioskLink
-				code = tk.Code
+				go func() {
-				break
+					if err := app.sendShiftSignupEmail(vol.Email, vol.PreferredName, kioskLink); err != nil {
+						log.Printf("shift signup email to %s failed: %v", vol.Email, err)
+					}
+				}()
 			}
 		}
-		if code == nil {
-			// No coded ticket — find any ticket or create a stub, then generate code.
-			var ticketID int
-			if len(tickets) > 0 {
-				ticketID = tickets[0].ID
-			} else {
-				tkName := vol.TicketName
-				if tkName == "" {
-					tkName = vol.PreferredName
-				}
-				stub, err := app.createTicket(Ticket{
-					ParticipantID: vol.ParticipantID,
-					Name:          tkName,
-					Source:        "manual",
-				})
-				if err == nil {
-					ticketID = stub.ID
-				}
-			}
-			if ticketID > 0 {
-				if t, err := app.generateUniqueToken(); err == nil {
-					app.db.Exec(`UPDATE tickets SET code=?, updated_at=? WHERE id=?`, t, now(), ticketID)
-					code = &t
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		if code != nil {
-			kioskLink := fmt.Sprintf("%s/v/%s", app.resolveBaseURL(), *code)
-			response["kiosk_link"] = kioskLink
-			go func() {
-				if err := app.sendShiftSignupEmail(vol.Email, vol.PreferredName, kioskLink); err != nil {
-					log.Printf("shift signup email to %s failed: %v", vol.Email, err)
-				}
-			}()
-		}
 	}
 
 	writeJSON(w, response)
@@ -217,62 +185,28 @@ func (app *App) handleToggleShiftSignups(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
 }
 
 func (app *App) openShiftSignups() {
-	// Generate codes for tickets belonging to confirmed volunteers that have no code yet.
+	// Assign kiosk codes to email-confirmed volunteers that don't have one yet.
-	vols, _ := app.listConfirmedVolunteersNeedingCode()
+	vols, _ := app.listVolunteersNeedingKioskCode()
 	for _, v := range vols {
-		if v.ParticipantID == nil {
+		code, err := app.generateVolunteerKioskCode()
-			continue
-		}
-		// Find any ticket for this participant, or create a stub one.
-		tickets, _ := app.listTickets(v.ParticipantID, "")
-		var ticketID int
-		if len(tickets) > 0 {
-			ticketID = tickets[0].ID
-		} else {
-			tkName := v.TicketName
-			if tkName == "" {
-				tkName = v.PreferredName
-			}
-			stub, err := app.createTicket(Ticket{
-				ParticipantID: v.ParticipantID,
-				Name:          tkName,
-				Source:        "manual",
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				continue
-			}
-			ticketID = stub.ID
-		}
-		t, err := app.generateUniqueToken()
 		if err != nil {
 			continue
 		}
-		app.db.Exec(`UPDATE tickets SET code=?, updated_at=? WHERE id=?`, t, now(), ticketID)
+		app.assignKioskCode(v.ID, code)
 	}
 
-	// Email all confirmed volunteers that now have a ticket with a code.
+	// Email all email-confirmed volunteers that now have a kiosk code.
 	confirmed, _ := queryVolunteers(app.db, `
 		SELECT `+volunteerSelect+` `+volunteerFrom+`
-		WHERE v.email_confirmed = 1 AND v.deleted_at IS NULL AND v.participant_id IS NOT NULL`)
+		WHERE v.email_confirmed = 1 AND v.kiosk_code IS NOT NULL AND v.deleted_at IS NULL`)
 	baseURL := app.resolveBaseURL()
 	sent := 0
 
 	for _, v := range confirmed {
-		if v.ParticipantID == nil || v.Email == "" {
+		if v.Email == "" || v.KioskCode == nil {
 			continue
 		}
-		tickets, _ := app.listTickets(v.ParticipantID, "")
+		kioskLink := fmt.Sprintf("%s/v/%s", baseURL, *v.KioskCode)
-		var code *string
-		for _, tk := range tickets {
-			if tk.Code != nil {
-				code = tk.Code
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		if code == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		kioskLink := fmt.Sprintf("%s/v/%s", baseURL, *code)
 		name := v.PreferredName
 		if name == "" {
 			name = v.Name

handle_signup_test.go

@@ -301,17 +301,14 @@ func TestConfirmEmailWithSignupsOpen(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("expected kiosk_link when signups are open")
 	}
 
-	// Ticket for participant should now have a code
+	// Volunteer should now have a kiosk_code, no stub ticket created.
-	tickets, _ := app.listTickets(&participant.ID, "")
+	vol, _ := app.getVolunteerByEmail("titania@example.com")
-	hasCode := false
+	if vol == nil || vol.KioskCode == nil {
-	for _, tk := range tickets {
+		t.Error("volunteer should have a kiosk_code after confirm with signups open")
-		if tk.Code != nil && *tk.Code != "" {
-			hasCode = true
-			break
-		}
 	}
-	if !hasCode {
+	tickets, _ := app.listTickets(&participant.ID, "")
-		t.Error("participant should have a ticket with code after confirm with signups open")
+	if len(tickets) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected no stub tickets, got %d", len(tickets))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -345,14 +342,13 @@ func TestPublicSignupTicketNameDoesNotOverwritePreferredName(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestConfirmEmailStubTicketHasName(t *testing.T) {
+func TestConfirmEmailAssignsKioskCode(t *testing.T) {
 	app := testApp(t)
 	mux := testMux(app)
 
 	app.db.Exec(`INSERT OR REPLACE INTO config (key, value) VALUES ('shift_signups_open', 'true')`)
 	app.baseURL = "https://example.com"
 
-	// Volunteer with a ticket_name but no pre-existing ticket
 	participant, _ := app.createParticipant(Participant{PreferredName: "Titania", Email: "titania@example.com"})
 	token := "abc123def456"
 	app.createVolunteer(Volunteer{
@@ -373,47 +369,19 @@ func TestConfirmEmailStubTicketHasName(t *testing.T) {
 	if result["status"] != "confirmed" {
 		t.Fatalf("expected confirmed, got %v", result["status"])
 	}
+	if result["kiosk_link"] == nil {
+		t.Error("expected kiosk_link in response when signups are open")
+	}
 
-	// Stub ticket should have been created with TicketName as its name
+	// Kiosk code should be on the volunteer record, not a stub ticket.
+	vol, _ := app.getVolunteerByEmail("titania@example.com")
+	if vol == nil || vol.KioskCode == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected volunteer to have a kiosk_code")
+	}
+	// No stub ticket should have been created.
 	tickets, _ := app.listTickets(&participant.ID, "")
-	if len(tickets) == 0 {
+	if len(tickets) != 0 {
-		t.Fatal("expected stub ticket to be created")
+		t.Errorf("expected no stub tickets, got %d", len(tickets))
-	}
-	if tickets[0].Name != "Titania Fairweather" {
-		t.Errorf("stub ticket name = %q, want %q", tickets[0].Name, "Titania Fairweather")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestConfirmEmailStubTicketFallsBackToPreferredName(t *testing.T) {
-	app := testApp(t)
-	mux := testMux(app)
-
-	app.db.Exec(`INSERT OR REPLACE INTO config (key, value) VALUES ('shift_signups_open', 'true')`)
-	app.baseURL = "https://example.com"
-
-	// Volunteer with no ticket_name — stub should use preferred_name
-	participant, _ := app.createParticipant(Participant{PreferredName: "Titania", Email: "titania@example.com"})
-	token := "abc123def456"
-	app.createVolunteer(Volunteer{
-		Name:              "Titania",
-		PreferredName:     "Titania",
-		Email:             "titania@example.com",
-		ParticipantID:     &participant.ID,
-		ConfirmationToken: &token,
-	})
-
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	mux.ServeHTTP(w, testRequest("POST", "/api/public/confirm", map[string]any{"token": token}))
-	if w.Code != 200 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected 200, got %d", w.Code)
-	}
-
-	tickets, _ := app.listTickets(&participant.ID, "")
-	if len(tickets) == 0 {
-		t.Fatal("expected stub ticket to be created")
-	}
-	if tickets[0].Name != "Titania" {
-		t.Errorf("stub ticket name = %q, want %q (preferred_name fallback)", tickets[0].Name, "Titania")
 	}
 }